Financial Management Summary and Definitions. free essay sample

Money related Management: Summary and Definitions Analysis of ch16: Working capital administration is an administrative bookkeeping methodology concentrating on keeping up productive degrees of the two parts of working capital, current resources and current liabilities, in regard to one another. Working capital administration guarantees an organization has adequate income so as to meet its transient obligation commitments and working costs. Actualizing a powerful working capital administration framework is a magnificent route for some organizations to improve their profit. This section talks about the administration of current resources, especially money, attractive protections, stock, and receivables. This part responds to some Basic inquiries including working capital administration, for example, what amount money and stock ought to be kept close by? Will it be influence the liquidity of the firm to sell using a credit card or not? Furthermore, how and from which sources the momentary financing can be gotten? Along these lines this section causes us in responding to these inquiries by examining the different choices accessible to a firm. We will compose a custom exposition test on Budgetary Management: Summary and Definitions. or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The main significant idea referenced is Cash Conversion Cycle. he net number of days from the expense of money for crude material to accepting installment from the client. As an administration device, this measurement settles on unequivocal the between relatedness of choices identifying with inventories, money due and payable, and money. This is significant on the grounds that a firm has to think about the time that it takes to change over its creation into deals and into money receipts and furthermore the installment time frames so as to have a beware of its liquidity. Besides, speculation approaches for current resources are likewise being featured for e. g. loosened up current resource speculation strategy, confined current resource strategy and so forth hese strategies can be affected by changes in innovation. Moreover, current resources financing arrangements, for example, changeless current resources, impermanent current resources and so on are additionally examined. This part likewise examines the significance of attractive protections to an organization. Money in spite of the fact that for an individual may incorporate money and request stores, for an organization attractive protections are additionally a significant wellspring of money, these protections are fluid just as having a premium factor related with them which prompts strength of the financing costs all through the world. Aside from the administration of the money the partnerships need to choose its credit strategy which influences the measure of money accessible to a firm straightforwardly. Credit strategies that a firm can utilize incorporate credit periods, money limits, credit measures and assortment strategy. A more tight credit strategy may demoralize deals as certain clients may decide to go somewhere else on the off chance that they are constrained to take care of their tabs sooner. Momentary credit alludes to obligation booked for reimbursement inside 1 year. Significant wellsprings of transient credit incorporate records payable (exchange credit), bank advances, and business advances. The part additionally examines the significance of stock administration. Buys in mass outcome in tremendous inventories which brings about the firm acquiring various costs, for example, stockpiling, protection, devaluation, outdated nature, dealing with expenses and property charges. These costs go under the class of conveying costs. So as to decrease these costs which can be significant in nature, a firm needs to lessen the measure of inventories the firm has close by at a specific purpose of time. At long last the section discusses the momentary financing strategies. A firm has various choices from which to fund its transient tasks, these incorporates promissory notes. Here the banks assume a significant job as they choose the financing cost that they are going to charge dependent on the past record and credit value of the firm. Aside from this, business papers are likewise utilized by firms which anyway are not made sure about. A significant choice is transient bank credits. From the firm’s point of view, transient credit is more dangerous than long haul obligation as the sum initially is to be taken care of in a moderately shorter timeframe which may present troubles for the firm. Transient financing includes speed, adaptability and lower cost than long haul obligation. A lower cost is available on account of a lower measure of intrigue installments. Be that as it may, it has fluctuating interest cost and firm might be in danger of default because of transitory monetary conditions. Generally this section was significant as it indicated the significance of productive working capital administration for a firm. A partnership ought to incorporate the data gave so as to maintain a productive business. DEFINITIONS Working capital: all present moment or current resources, for example, money, inventories nd Account receivables. 1. Net working capital: current resources short all current liabilities. 2. Net working capital: current resources less noninterest bearing current liabilities. 3. Money change cycle: the time span reserves are tied up in working capital or the period of time between paying for working capital and gathering money from the offer of working capit al. 4. Stock transformation period: normal time required to change over crude materials in to completed merchandise and afterward to offer to them. 5. Normal assortment period: the normal time span required to change over the firm’s receivables into money. 6. Payables deferral period: the normal time span between the acquisition of materials and work and the installment of money for them. 7. Loosened up current resource speculation strategy: moderately a lot of money, attractive protections and inventories are conveyed and a liberal credit strategy brings about an elevated level of receivables. 8. Limited current resource strategy: possessions of money, attractive protections, inventories and receivables are compelled. 9. Moderate current resource strategy: between the loose and limited strategies. 10. Lasting current resources: current resources that a firm should convey even at the trough of its cycles. 11. Impermanent ebb and flow resources: ebb and flow resources that vary between the occasional and recurrent varieties in deals. 12. Current resource financing strategy: the manner in which current resources are financed. 13. Development coordinating: a financing strategy that matches resources and obligation developments. This is a moderate strategy. 14. Money financial plan: a table that shows money receipts, distributions, and equalizations over some period. 15. Target money balance: the ideal money balance that a firm intends to keep up so as to lead business. 16. Record receivable: a money owed from a client. 17. Credit strategy: a lot of decides that incorporate the firm’s credit period, limits, credit gauges and assortment strategies advertised. 18. Credit period: The time spans clients need to pay for buys. 19. Credit measures: the money related quality clients must show to meet all requirements for credit. 20. Limits: These are value decreases given by the banks/providers to the indebted individuals/clients for making early installments. 21. Credit Standards: The budgetary quality clients must show to fit the bill for credit. 22. Assortment Policy: The level of strength in implementing the credit terms. 23. Credit Terms: A Statement of the credit time frame and any rebate advertised. 24. Financial assessment: It’s a numerical score from 1 to 10 that demonstrates the probability that an individual or business will pay on schedule. 25. Maturing Schedule: It’s a report demonstrating to what extent accounts receivables have been exceptional. 26. Exchange Credit: It is an obligation emerging from acknowledge deals and recorded as a record receivable by the dealer and as a record payable by the purchaser. 7. Facilitated commerce Credit: A credit got during the rebate time frame. 28. Expensive Trade Credit: A credit taken in overabundance of organized commerce credit, whose cost is equivalent to the markdown lost. 29. Extending Accounts Payable: It’s an act of purposely paying late. Rotating Credit Agreemen t: A formal, submitted credit extension stretched out by a bank or another loaning foundation. 30. Prime Rate: A distributed financing cost charged by business banks to enormous, solid borrowers. 31. Standard or straightforward Interest: The circumstance when just intrigue is paid month to month 32. Extra Interest: Interest that is determined and added to reserves got to decide the face measure of a portion credit. 33. Business Paper: Unsecured, transient promissory notes of enormous firms, as a rule gave in groups of $100,000 or more with a loan cost to some degree underneath the prime rate. 34. Gatherings: Continually repeating momentary liabilities particularly accumulated wages and collected expenses. 35. Unconstrained Funds: Funds that are produced suddenly as the firm grows. 36. Made sure about credit: An advance sponsored by insurance, regularly inventories or record receivable. Examination of ch17: No business can prevail without sufficient anticipating and budgetary arranging. These two are the principle focal point of this part. For any significant business choice, for example, the expense of capital, capital planning, determined benefit and misfortune accounts, capital structure, profit strategy and all the more critically working capital administration viable money related arranging and forecasts about what's to come are required with the goal that the activities of a business are led productively and any negative conditions are kept away from. In this manner the two chiefs and speculators need to see how to figure future outcomes. To do this administrators utilize professional forma or anticipated fiscal summaries and afterward use them to foresee the organizations future money related necessities and for instance to decide the future free incomes and the company’s by and large worth. The section right off the bat discusses vital arranging and its significance. Key arranging has 5 fundamental segments, the as a matter of first importance is the statement of purpose. The statement of purpose ought to be a c

Safeguarding Essay Example

Shielding Essay Framework key enactment and guidelines which administer shielding grown-ups work. In this piece of the task I will express the principle key purposes of each bit of enactment and how it is applied practically speaking. Shielding Vulnerable Adults proposition bit of enactment was presented on the eighth November 2006, the entire thought of this demonstration is to ensure grown-ups who are in danger of maltreatment because of a helplessness. For instance, somebody with Down condition might be more in danger of getting manhandled because of their absence of social aptitudes and information. The key purposes of this enactment are? Each worker needs a CRY/DBS check, particularly inside a wellbeing and social consideration condition. This can keep harsh circumstances from happening. Each and every working environment has their approaches and methodology to ensure that they follow this demonstration. Recovery of Offenders Act teethe restoration of guilty parties act 1974 of the I-J Parliament empowers some criminal feelings to be disregarded after a recovery period. Key purposes of this enactment include: For grown-ups, the restoration time frame is 5 years for most non-custodial sentences. For a youthful guilty party younger than 18, the recovery time frame is commonly a large portion of that or grown-ups. Jail sentences of beyond what 2 h years can never been spent. The restoration time frame is dictated by the sentence, and starts from the date of the conviction. After this, if there has been no further conviction the conviction is spent. The Ex guilty party might not need to make reference to what they have done while going after a position. Http://www. Enactment. Gob. UK/hole/1974/53 21907521653500Depending on the conviction, it relies upon what amount of time is spent: How is this applied practically speaking? We will compose a custom exposition test on Safeguarding explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Safeguarding explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Safeguarding explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The restoration wrongdoers act shields guilty parties from segregation while going after a Position because of their past records. It likewise makes it workable for them to have an ordinary existence, especially on the off chance that they have carried out their punishment and are edgy to get the past behind them. The Police Act 1997 The police demonstration was presented in 1997. This was a consequence of the Danceable slaughter which occurred in 1996. The Danceable slaughter occurred in a school where a man strolled into a school and shot 16 youngsters and an instructor over the course of about three minutes. This was the explanation the police demonstration was presented, absolutely so slaughters like these can't occur any longer. No individual is permitted to convey a gun without a permit. Another explanation with respect to why the police demonstration was presented was so police approach PCs, cell phones and cameras. This is on the off chance that the police think somebody is dubious, they might have the option to back it up with evidence, for instance, in the event that somebody is holding revolting substance on their PC/PC the police will have the option to discover and look through the PC to discover the confirmation theyre searching for. This demonstration will assist with shielding grown-ups later on by making the open mindful that the police can without much of a stretch access telephones, PCs and cameras. Subsequently individuals are less inclined to o the wrongdoing as they are more in danger of being gotten. The Sexual Offenses Act 1976 The demonstration was presented in 1976. This was on the grounds that the administration needed harder sentences against grown-up sex offenses. The demonstration supplements the new criminal Justice act, under genuine sex assaults will get compulsory life sentences. The key purpose of this enactment is to secure defenseless grown-ups, cause them to feel safe, have standard CRY/DBS checks. In the event that an individual has been put on the sexual guilty parties list, at that point they could be on there for an amazing remainder, or as long as five years relying upon how their legal dispute goes. A couple of greater focuses are: In 2003 the sexual offenses act changed so individuals can even be sentenced from having awfully unseemly photographs to glimmering or even assault and lewd behavior. Individuals sentenced for a sexual offense must educate the police concerning their living courses of action and on the off chance that they are intending to move they should advise the police so the police can examine if the house is reasonable. In the event that they need to leave the nation they should get consent in spite of the fact that as a rule nations won't permit them in at any rate. Http://www. Cups. Gob. UK/news/fact_sheets/sexual_offences/It makes new arrangements about sexual offenses, their inversion and the assurance of youngsters from hurt from other sexual acts and associated purposes. This at that point implies that sex wrongdoers can't work with powerless grown-ups or youngsters, if they somehow happened to go after an unsatisfactory Position, they could be sentenced. Care Standards Act broadly least gauges were distributed in 2003 adhering to the consideration measures act 2000. They structure the premise of the examination of a consideration setting to shield a patient from being mishandled/dismissed. Various renditions of national least gauges exist for every class of a consideration setting: Care home for more seasoned individuals (65+) Care home for grown-ups (18-65) Domiciliary consideration natively constructed. Medical caretaker organizations Adult arrangement conspires This law supplanted a law called the enrolled homes act 1984 which directed nursing in private homes. Its motivation is to have control of the entire idea of care and to direct the individuals who give it. They will make normal checks to guarantee that all the laws and arrangements/techniques are being followed. Care administrations it covers incorporate free cultivating offices, domiciliary social consideration suppliers, private family habitats and all inclusive schools. How is this applied practically speaking? Vigorous reoccurred ought to be set up for reacting to doubt or proof of misuse or disregard to guarantee the security and insurance of people. Emotional wellness Act 1983 The psychological well-being act was first presented in 1983 (further corrected in 2007) and sets out how you can be dealt with in the event that you have a psychological issue, and what your privileges are. It was acquainted with stop any individual getting segmented, to secure people groups wellbeing and furthermore to ensure every one of your privileges are secured. Constantinople have various kinds of mental issue and they can be admitted to emergency clinic without wanting to under this demonstration. This incorporates individuals with extreme mental debilitation, psychopathic confusion or psychological sickness. Patients are possibly segmented in the event that they are a danger to themselves or others. For a patient to be segmented it must be affirmed by two specialists and a social laborer, even at times a nearby family member. How does this assistance stop misuse? In the past individuals could be separated by somebody who loathed them or needed them off the beaten path, because of this law, nobody can be segmented except if they should be. Mental Capacity Act 2005 The psychological limit act 2005 came into power in England and Wales in 2007. This demonstration modified the legitimate system for acting and settling on choices for the benefit of powerless people who come up short on the psychological ability to settle on specific choices, for instance on the off chance that someone is extremely sick, it might be turning of an actual existence bolster machine. This demonstration applies to anybody matured 16 or over. It secures individuals with emotional wellness issues just as individuals with dementia, learning incapacities, strokes or mind wounds. Individuals with emotional wellness issues may think that its hard to settle on choices a few or even constantly. How does the demonstration bolster defenseless individuals? Securing the individuals who can't settle on their own choices Making it clear who can settle on choices for the people sake Allowing individuals to settle on certain choices ahead of time for themselves(living will) Providing another assistance to help the individuals who have nobody to assist them with deciding. Preparing. This demonstration likewise expresses that anybody can prepare for when they may need mental limit by utilizing an enduring intensity of lawyer. Enduring intensity of lawyer is somebody who settle on choices for their benefit. This incorporates choices about property and money related issues just as wellbeing and individual government assistance choices. Handicap Discrimination Act 1995 revised 2005 The incapacity segregation act 1995 intends to end the separation that faces numerous individuals with inabilities. This demonstration has been altogether expanded, including by the incapacity separation request 2006. It was acquainted with guarantee that those with an incapacity have equivalent open doors in regular circumstances. The key purposes of this law are, it presently gives individuals with incapacities rights in the territories of: Employment Education Access to merchandise, offices and administrations, including bigger exclusive hangouts and transport administrations. Purchasing or leasing land/property Functions of open bodies How is it tried to help protect grown-ups? To address a portion of the useful troubles that these boundaries present, the inability enactment, not at all like other enemy of separation enactment makes a positive obligation on businesses and specialist co-ops to make sensible change in accordance with their arrangements and premises where sensible and suitable, for example, inclines and lifts. AS/For this piece of the errand, you are required to exhibit your insight by delivering a lattice that distinguishes and traces w working techniques and methods set up to help shield defenseless grown-ups. What is a law? A law is something that has been made permanent and won't change for a specific reverberates is a methodology? A methodology is the means by which you accomplish something however this likewise relies upon what setting you are in. Distinctive working methodologies might be diverse for each care home Guidance Brief framework How can it help ensure the people? The security of powerless grown-ups conspire for grown-up position (OVA) The Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme (OVA) has been acquainted with assistance limit misuse and includes checking records to evaluate the appropriateness of individuals to fill in as care

Getting the Most out of WritingForums.com

Getting the Most out of WritingForums.com If you are a writer looking for answers to your questions about writing, editing and publishing, WritingForums.com is a valuable resource. Privately owned and community managed, this website provides information on every aspect of writing, including fiction and non-fiction, poetry, the editing process, traditional publishing, and self-publishing. The website is forum-based, with over 20,000 members, 75,000+ threads, and over a million posts. WritingForums.com aims to offer a safe, friendly, and welcoming space where writers of all abilities can connect and learn from each others experiences. There are opportunities to ask questions, exchange tips, engage in discussions, and share resources.How it worksThis website is run for by members, for members, with many active staff and volunteers involved in making sure everything runs smoothly. Community members act as administrators, supervisors, mentors, and moderators, and theres a light-hearted, tongue-in-cheek page explaining what everyb ody does and how things run.Once youve signed up for a free member account you can start browsing the forums, asking questions and responding to others posts. You may want to start with the Introduce Yourself thread, where you can share as much or as little information about you and your writing as youd like to. When you click on a forum name, the top few posts will often be pinned posts laying out some basic rules and guidelines for posting in that particular forum. Next, you will see the posts that have had the most recent activity. Many forums are very active with a lot of discussions going on throughout the day. You can search each forum using the search tab on the top right of the page.The site offers both free accounts and paid subscriptions, and free members can upgrade to a paid subscription at any time. It takes a few minutes to make a basic, free account. In order to guard against spammers, new members will have certain features restricted until they have posted in the for ums at least 10 times. They cannot, for example, post any promotional content, or share their work to the creative boards in order to get feedback on their writing.The subscription service gives you immediate access to extra site features. Paid members can access hidden forums and a writers chat room. They can also share their writing and ask for feedback from other members. A one-month subscription currently costs just $3 (USD) and a yearly subscription is $25. Subscribers who offer relevant services (such as publishing or editing) may also promote themselves in the Outside Resources section and other areas, allowing them to connect with writers who may need their services.Navigating the siteMany of us have become accustomed to searching through Facebook groups and other social media threads to find the information we want. Compared to that, this type of forum-based site feels like a breath of fresh air. It is well organized, easily searchable, and simple to navigate. The forums ar e organized into broad categories, such as Community, Publishing and Verse, with clear titles, and one line descriptions, for each forum. Inside the forums, each thread has a title and a note of which member started the thread and when. You can quickly see how many replies there are and how recently each thread has been active.At the top of the homepage you can access various pages such as new posts, rules and FAQs. Theres also a page called Just Chill where you can go for off-topic discussions or to play some word games when youre on a writing break (or procrastinating). The whole site is searchable from a handy search bar at the top of every page.WritingThe Writing forums cover a range of topics including:General Writing DiscussionResearchPromptsChallengesWriting CompetitionsSPAG (spelling, punctuation and grammar)HATs (hints and tips)While there is a general writing related forum, there are also forums covering verse, prose (fiction and scripts), and non-fiction prose.PublishingT he forums within the publishing category are extensive and varied, offering information on a wide range of issues that writers and authors might encounter. They include:A general publishing discussionBeta readingEditingTraditional publishingSelf-publishingMarketingCalls for submissionsWriters with a range of experiences weigh in within the publishing forums, and it is possible to ask very specific questions. You can ask, for example, which cover design people prefer, or if other members have worked with a specific agent or publisher.Beyond the forumThis is a specific category allowing members to reach out to each other elsewhere, and share resources. It also facilitates supporting each others blogs and books, following each other on social media, and creating real-life writing groups. Topics include:Author InterviewsPodcastsReviews and recommendationsOutside resourcesThe blogrollNaNoWriMo supportOnce again, you will have to prove you are a genuine member (by posting 10+ times or buy ing a subscription) before you have access to many of these features.FeedbackOnce you have proved you are a genuine community member, the site gives you a few different ways to get the all-important feedback you need to grow and improve as a writer. You can share your short stories, novel excerpts and poetry in relevant threads, and ask for feedback from fellow members. The site provides some useful advice on presenting your story for online critique that you should read first. There is also an opportunity to ask direct questions of the Writers Forum mentors. The mentor directory lists experienced writers who are prepared to reach out and help new writers. You can view their area of interest and bio, and there is a link to message them directly with any questions you may have.CompetitionsMonthly competitions and challenges are run for both fiction and non-fiction. Non-fiction challenges include essays, journalistic articles, opinion pieces, memoirs and travelogues. Fiction competiti ons will focus on a theme, and community members are welcome to suggest one. There are strict rules regarding word count and how entries are to be submitted, which can all be found in the Challenges, Contests and Prompts category. Winners are given an award and a months free subscription, but just as valuable for many writers is the judges score and review, which is effectively free feedback and advice on your story or non-fiction piece.A few things to keep in mindForum-based websites like this are incredibly useful, but they are also very prone to spammers looking for writers to sell their products and services to. It is with this in mind that the site insists on the 10 post rule before unlocking aspects of the site that could be open to abuse. You can always get around the rule with a paid subscription, which is very reasonable, but if you dont want a paid subscription, you will have to be patient and build up your posts, by making meaningful comments on others threads. Short, mea ningless comments posted purely to meet the post count may be deleted. Do not be tempted to get self-promotional too early. You may well be marked as a spammer if you do. Sharing a link to your blog or book will be possible, once you have hit the 10-post mark, but even then make sure it is done in an appropriate way and within a relevant thread.Be aware that any writing you share on the creative boards will then be visible to other members and may be accessed by the general public. You always own the copyright to everything you have created, so this is not a problem, but do keep in mind how sharing your work here might affect future plans for publication or submission. Some publications will want work to be unpublished, and while posting in a forum for the purpose of feedback is not generally considered publishing, it is possible that some publications might not like the fact your work is freely available on the web. If you are sharing writing that is part of a novel, it is advisabl e to publish excerpts only. It is common practice to publish novel excerpts online or in print media in order to promote the work, but, with a few exceptions, it is not advisable to have your entire book available on a public forum. However, the site offers Workshops for members, which are not visible to the public or to search engines. This protects their future publishing rights.The site is carefully moderated and posts that are abusive or offensive should be reported to the moderators. There is a strong commitment to making these forums a welcoming, safe, and helpful place for writers of all different abilities and experience levels. There is a list of rules that are designed to make sure all members are respected and comfortable. Remember if you post a piece of writing for critique you may well get negative as well as positive feedback, but it should all be constructive and respectfully offered. Taking on board what people dont like about your writing, as well as what they do, i s part of how we all grow as writers. Both new and experienced writers have much to gain from a responsive and supportive platform like WritingForums.com.

The Legal Drinking Age 18 or 21 - 1770 Words

When someone turns 18 they acquire certain rights. They can vote for legislation, enroll in the military and buy a house. Before 1984, they were also allowed to buy alcohol. This all changed when President Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. This act stated that the drinking age would change to 21 and it has remained that way since. There has been controversy on the effectiveness of the law because most people drink before they turn 21. Which side is right? Was Reagan correct for implementing the drinking age as 21 or are the multiple college president and chancellors of Amethyst Initiative that believe it should be 18? Between the 1920’s and 1933 the use and purchase of alcohol was illegal. In 1933 when†¦show more content†¦Also, a drinking license would be issued to people who pass the final exam at the end of the 40-hour course (Lenek 1958). A new effort is also being made by the group called Amethyst Initiative, which was introduced by Choose Responsibility. One hundred and thirty five chancellors and college presidents have signed the Initiative to support a new way to prepare the youth for drinking. It’s no surprise that college students drink, college chancellors are not oblivious and want to prepare their students. The American Journal on Public Health stated, â€Å"College students are more likely to engage in heavy drinking than their peers who do not attend college. Two in five students nationally engaged in binge drinking on at least one occasion in the past two weeks†(Nelson 987). It’s a big problem in the United States. Colleges have started taking action toward helping students with alcohol education. As I enrolled into University of Massachusetts this semester, it was mandatory to take â€Å"My Student Body† which is an online course that taught basic facts about alcohol and marijuana. It had two parts; a survey that determined whether you were a light, medium or heavy drinker, and then there were information articles about alcohol that you were tested on later. It seems silly that there would be an alcohol survey for the incoming class if the drinking ageShow MoreRelatedMicroeconomics Essay- Suppose the Government Raises the Legal Drinking Age in the Uk from 18 to 21. Conduct an Economic Analysis of This Policy to Examine Its Impact on Affected Markets.1260 Words   |  6 PagesSuppose the government raises the legal drinking age in the UK from 18 to 21. Conduct an economic analysis of this policy to examine its impact on affected markets. With reference to the above statement, if the UK government were to increase the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 there are two markets that would mainly be affected- the producers, which is the alcohol industry as a whole and the consumers who are the UK citizens between the age of 18 and 21. A market is a group of buyers and sellersRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered There are copious amounts of people who believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Others think the drinking age needs to remain the same. A few of those also conclude the legal age of adulthood should be raised to 21. The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision toRead More The Drinking Age Should NOT Be Lowered Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesminimum legal drinking age. Choose Responsibility, a group founded by John McCardell, proposes that upon completion of a 40 hour course to educate young people about alcohol, 18, 19, and 20 year old people should be licensed to drink. The Amethyst Initiative, part of Choose Responsibility, is a petition to Congress to rethink the minimum legal drinking age. Several college leaders have signed this petition in the belief that lowering the minimum legal drink ing age will reduce binge drinking on collegeRead MoreShould The Legal Alcohol Age Be Changed?1560 Words   |  7 Pages To fight for our country at the age of 18 and seeing things that only you could imagine in the battlefield. Coming home from deployment and just wanting a simple beer for your hard work but not being able to buy any because you are not 21 years of age. How is that fair to the men in the military forces? Fighting for our country’s freedom but not being able to have a few beers with your closest friends and family members. The topic of the legal alcohol age being changed has been a great topicRead MoreKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pagesminimum legal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping the minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The government should maintain the minimum legal drinkingRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered â€Å"adults† cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lowering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economyRead MoreLegalizing the Drinking Age to 181624 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing the Drinking Age to 18 When people turn to the age of eighteen, they are finally considered an adult. They can join the army, have the right to vote, buy cigarettes or tobacco products, get a tattoo and even die for our country, but they aren’t allowed to buy alcohol? A person can be responsible enough to live on his or her own, make money, pay bills, and yet they are not old enough to purchase or consume any type of alcohol. Underage drinking has been a major controversial issue forRead MoreThe Generations Of People Who Were Born After 1984 Have1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe generations of people who were born after 1984 have only known the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) to be 21 years old. But, it was not so long ago when the minimum legal drinking age was 18. In 1984 Congress passed the MLDA Act as a result of the rise in drunk driving accidents involving teens and alcohol related deaths. This Act ultimately made the states raise their MLDA to 21 from 18 for fear of losing federal highway fun ds. There have been many debates about it and whether or not it shouldRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcoholic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act wasRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1253 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age? Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed the issue of minimum legal drinking age sensitively in the hands of the states, letting each decide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimum legal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for all states until

How to Build Sentences With Appositives

An appositive is a word or group of words that identifies or renames another word in a sentence. As weve seen (in the article What Is an Appositive?), appositive constructions offer concise ways of describing or defining a person, place, or thing. In this article, you will learn how to construct sentences with appositives. From Adjective Clauses to Appositives Like an adjective clause, an appositive provides more information about a noun. In fact, we may think of an appositive as a simplified adjective clause. Consider, for example, how the following two sentences can be combined: Jim Gold is a professional magician.Jim Gold performed at my sisters birthday party. One way to combine these sentences is to turn the first sentence into an adjective clause: Jim Gold, who is a professional magician, performed at my sisters birthday party. We also have the option of reducing the adjective clause in this sentence to an appositive. All that we need to do is omit the pronoun who and the verb is: Jim Gold, a professional magician, performed at my sisters birthday party. The appositive a professional magician serves to identify the subject, Jimbo Gold. Reducing an adjective clause to an appositive is one way to cut the clutter in our writing. However, not all adjective clauses can be shortened to appositives in this fashion--only those that contain a form of the verb to be (is, are, was, were). Arranging Appositives An appositive most often appears directly after the noun it identifies or renames: Arizona Bill, The Great Benefactor of Mankind, toured Oklahoma with herbal cures and a powerful liniment. Note that this appositive, like most, could be omitted without changing the basic meaning of the sentence. In other words, its nonrestrictive and needs to be set off with a pair of commas. Occasionally, an appositive may appear in front of a word that it identifies: A dark wedge, the eagle hurtled earthward at nearly 200 miles per hour. An appositive at the beginning of a sentence is usually followed by a comma. In each of the examples seen so far, the appositive has referred to the subject of the sentence. However, an appositive may appear before or after any noun in a sentence. In the following example, the appositive refers to roles, the object of a preposition: People are summed up largely by the roles they fill in society --wife or husband, soldier or salesperson, student or scientist--and by the qualities that others ascribe to them. This sentence demonstrates a different way of punctuating appositives--with dashes. When the appositive itself contains commas, setting off the construction with dashes helps to prevent confusion. Using dashes instead of commas also serves to emphasize the appositive. Placing an appositive at the very end of a sentence is another way to give it special emphasis. Compare these two sentences: At the far end of the pasture, the most magnificent animal I had ever seen—a white-tailed deer—was cautiously edging toward a salt-lick block.At the far end of the pasture, the most magnificent animal I had ever seen was cautiously edging toward a salt-lick block—a white-tailed deer. Whereas the appositive merely interrupts the first sentence, it marks the climax of sentence two. Punctuating Nonrestrictive and Restrictive Appositives As weve seen, most appositives are nonrestrictive--that is, the information that they add to a sentence is not essential for the sentence to make sense. Nonrestrictive appositives are set off by commas or dashes. A restrictive appositive (like a restrictive adjective clause) is one that cannot be omitted from a sentence without affecting the basic meaning of the sentence. A restrictive appositive should not be set off by commas: John-Boys sister Mary Ellen became a nurse after their brother Ben took a job at a lumber mill. Because John-Boy has multiple sisters and brothers, the two restrictive appositives make clear which sister and which brother the writer is talking about. In other words, the two appositives are restrictive, and so they are not set off by commas. Four Variations 1. Appositives that Repeat a NounAlthough an appositive usually renames a noun in a sentence, it may instead repeat a noun for the sake of clarity and emphasis: In America, as in anywhere else in the world, we must find a focus in our lives at an early age, a focus that is beyond the mechanics of earning a living or coping with a household. —Santha Rama Rau, An invitation to Serenity Notice that the appositive in this sentence is modified by an adjective clause. Adjectives, prepositional phrases, and adjective clauses (in other words, all of the structures that can modify a noun) are often used to add details to an appositive. 2. Negative AppositivesMost appositives identify what someone or something is, but there are also negative appositives that identify what someone or something is not: Line managers and production employees, rather than staff specialists, are primarily responsible for quality assurance. Negative appositives begin with a word such as not, never, or rather than. 3. Multiple AppositivesTwo, three, or even more appositives may appear alongside the same noun: Saint Petersburg, a city of almost five-million people, Russias second-largest and northernmost metropolis, was designed three centuries ago by Peter the Great. As long as we dont overwhelm the reader with too much information at one time, a double or triple appositive can be an effective way of adding supplementary details to a sentence. 4. List Appositives with PronounsA final variation is the list appositive that precedes a pronoun such as all or these or everyone: Streets of yellow row houses, the ochre plaster walls of old churches, the crumbling sea-green mansions now occupied by government offices-- all seem in sharper focus, with their defects hidden by the snow. —Leona P. Schecter, Moscow The word all is not essential to the meaning of the sentence: the opening list could serve by itself as the subject. However, the pronoun helps to clarify the subject by drawing the items together before the sentence goes on to make a point about them.

Rights and Status of Women Free Essays

Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has been threatened within the last two decades. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of â€Å"women’s roles† continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Rights and Status of Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women’s experiences in the nineties and Betty Friedan’s, cofounder of the National Organization of Women, in her essay: The Way We Were – 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. The subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall’s in December 1949 called â€Å"A Weekend with Daddy. † A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn’t want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know â€Å"what life is all about. † (Fetzer, 57) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women’s clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that, â€Å"Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. † My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn’t experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the year 2000. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCall’s magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U. S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women’s rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: â€Å"Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. † (Goldman, 205) I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that encourages women to be powerless. The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of the women having illegal abortions – mostly poor women – had to be hospitalized for complications. How many thousands died as a result of these illegal abortions no one really knows. But the illegalization of abortion clearly worked against the poor, for the rich could manage either to have their baby or to have their abortion under safe conditions. (Zinn, 499) A critic of the women’s movement would quickly remind us that women have a right to decline marriage and sex, and pursue their individual interests. However, I would argue that the social pressure women must endure if they do not conform to their expected role is unfair. The problem goes beyond social conformity and crosses into government intervention (or lack thereof). The 1980’s saw the pendulum swing against the women’s movement. Violent acts against women who sought abortions became common and the government was unsympathetic to the victims. There are parallels between the Southern Black’s civil rights movement and the women’s movement: Blacks have long been accustomed to the white government being unsympathetic to violent acts against them. During the civil rights movement, legal action seemed only to come when a white civil rights activist was killed. Women are facing similar disregard presently, and their movement is truly one for civil rights. A national campaign by the National Organization of Women began on 2 March 1984, demanding that the US Justice Department investigate anti-abortion terrorism. On 1 August federal authorities finally agreed to begin to monitor the violence. However, Federal Bureau of Investigation director, William Webster, declared that he saw no evidence of â€Å"terrorism. Only on 3 January 1985, in a pro-forma statement, did the President criticize the series of bombings as â€Å"violent anarchist acts,† but he still refused to term the acts as â€Å"terrorism. † Reagan deferred to Moral Majoritarian Jerry Falwell’s subsequent campaign to have fifteen million Americans wear â€Å"armbands† on 22 January 1985, â€Å"one for every legal abortion† since 1973. Falwell’s anti-abortion outburst epitomized Reaganism’s orientation: â€Å"We can no longer passively and quietly wait for the Supreme Court to change their mind or for Congress to pass a law. † Extremism on the right was no vice, moderation no virtue. Or, as Hitler explained in Mein Kamph, â€Å"The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence. † (Marable, 40-41) This mentality continued on through 1989 during the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (109 S. Ct. 3040 (1989)) case. â€Å"The Reagan Administration had urged the Supreme Court to use this case as the basis for overturning Roe v. Wade. † (Goldman, 767) It is disturbing that the slow gains achieved by the women’s movement are so volatile and endangered when conservative administrations gain a majority in government. To put the problem into perspective: a woman’s right to have an abortion in this country did not come until 1973. Less than two decades later, the president of the United States was pushing to take that right away. It seems blatant that society is bent on putting women in their places. From the above examples, it appears American culture prefers women as non-professional, non-intellectual, homemakers and mothers. This mentality is not easily resolved, because it is introduced at a young age. Alice Brooks experienced inequality on the basis of her race and her sex. In her autobiography, A Dream Deferred, she recalls the reaction of her father when she brought up the idea of college to him: â€Å"I found a scholarship for veterans’ children and asked my father to sign and furnish proof that he was a veteran. He refused and told me that I was only going to get married and have babies. I needed to stay home and help my mother with her kids. My brother needed college to support a family. Not only was I not going to get any help, I was also tagged as selfish because I wanted to go to college. † (Fetzer, 234) This is another example of women being labeled as selfish for wanting the same opportunities as men. Alice Brooks is seemingly a very courageous woman; having the ability to overcome any oppression she may encounter. She states that â€Å"women who succeed in male dominated fields are never mediocre – they are extraordinary achievers. † Her insight encapsulates much of the subtle sexism that exists today. I feel that no one can truly be equal in a society when only the â€Å"extraordinary achievers† are allowed to succeed out of their expected social role. This attitude of rising blatant and subtle attacks on women’s civil rights is further exemplified in recent reactions to affirmative action plans. These plans have been devised to try to give women and minorities an opportunity to participate in traditionally white male dominated areas. However, we see the same trends in legal action for the use of affirmative action plans as we saw in the 1980’s backlash against the Roe v. Wade decision. A few interesting points were presented in the case, Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara (480 U. S. 616 (1987)). Mr. Paul E. Johnson filed suit against the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency when he was denied a promotion, feeling the company’s affirmative action plan denied him of his civil rights. Some interesting facts were presented in this case: â€Å"Specifically, 9 of the 10 Para-Professionals and 110 of the 145 Office and Clerical Workers were women. By contrast, women were only 2 of the 28 Officials and Administrators, 5 of the 58 Professionals, 12 of the 124 Technicians, none of the Skilled Crafts Workers, and 1 – who was Joyce – of the 110 Road Maintenance Workers. † (Goldman, 784) The above statistics show women have been considerably underrepresented at the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. These numbers are not uncommon and are found throughout business. It is interesting to note the current popular perception is that affirmative action precludes white males from finding employment with companies that implement these plans. The truth is in the numbers, however. The fact that Mr. Johnson felt he was denied his civil rights because an equally qualified woman was given a promotion, instead of him, is just a small window into the subtle sexism that exists today. Most critics of affirmative action do not consider the grossly unequal numbers of men in management and professional positions. Secondly, it never seems an issue of debate that a woman may have had no other previous life opportunities in these male dominated areas. I do not intend to argue that affirmative action is good or bad, but only wish to point out that the current backlash against these programs is heavily rooted in sexism and racism. Often blatant violence or unfair acts against a group of people will cause that group to pull together and empower themselves against their oppressors. The women’s movement has made large steps to eliminate many of these blatantly sexist acts in the last century. Now the real difficulty is upon us: subtle acts of sexism and the degrading social roles of women in today’s conservative culture. Alice Brooks so eloquently described her experiences with inequality, stating, â€Å"the worst pain came from those little things people said or did to me. † (Fetzer, 236) As these â€Å"little things† accumulate in the experience of a young woman, she increasingly finds herself powerless in her relationships, employment, economics, and society in general. The female child has as many goals as the male child, but statistically she is unable to realize these goals because of the obstacles that society sets in front of her. Society and media attempt to create an illusion that women have every right that men enjoy. However, women will never be equal until the day female scientists, intellectuals, professionals, military leaders, and politicians are just as accepted and encouraged to participate in all of society’s arenas as males. How to cite Rights and Status of Women, Essay examples

Argument On Sexting free essay sample

The term â€Å"sexting† is a combination of the words sex and texting, and refers to the practice of sending sexually photos electronically. Sexting seem like fun and games in the beginning, but it can take its toll. The act of sexting has many negative consequences that people are yet to realize. Sexting gives teenagers the feeling of acceptances and the chance to be popular by gaining attention. What they fail to realize is the attention they are receiving is negative and it affects their reputation. However, sexting has become a widespread experience that has destroyed lives and has caused emotional distress to many teenagers and young adults today. A 13 year old girl named, Hope, committed suicide. She sent a topless picture to a boy she likes, and then he let one of his friend’s uses his phone and that person located the picture that Hope had sent to him, and the girl sent it around the school. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument On Sexting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Hope returned back to school students was calling her â€Å"Slut† and â€Å"Whore† and that became bullying. Although Hope regrets sexting there is nothing she can do about it now. Every day she attended school it became harder and harder to ignore the bullying. When her family asked her what’s wrong? She remains positive and acted like everything is okay. It was one day when she realizes she was tired of fighting, tired of the name calling. Hope hanged herself in her bedroom and was pronounced died. Suicide and sexting goes hand in hand because sexting can lead to suicide if you bully the person to their breaking point. Hope wasn’t a bad girl, she just made bad choices. Her death was second in nation connecting to sexting and teen suicide. People commit suicide because they don’t like what they going through, they believe that’s the easy way out. I feel that that’s probably how Hope felt she was tired of being bullied every time she came to school. I am not saying it’s a good thing that she done. There were alternatives that Hope could have thought about other than death. She could have seek counseling to talk about her issues, talk to her principal about the constant bullying that took place at school, or even if it was that bad at school she could’ve consider asking your parents can you transfer schools. Bad behavior does face dire consequence and that’s exactly what Hope faced. Kids participate in sexting without thinking about the consequences. But in one impulsive move, they can alter their lives from that point forward. As bullying, ridicule and embarrassment escalate around the sexting, teens can start to feel hopeless and become depressed. They also may contemplate suicide which is what Hope later went into. The consequence that Hope had to go through was unbearable for her to handle so she decided to end it all. When Hope was going through the bullying at school she did not tell no one. She lacked of communication, I think if she would’ve talked to her parents, teachers, and counselors I truly believe her life could’ve been saved. Whenever she had problems she turned to her journals expressing her thoughts. But I feel like she should have come to an adult because they could have stopped the bullying or even talked her out of life changing decisions. She may have felt like she was alone she just needed to know that people care and that people are willing to help her no matter what. In Conclusion, Hope learned from her experience, as in the article Hope said she learned and just wanted to move past the incident but her peers at school didn’t let her. She did wish she can take it all back but at that moment it was too late the damage was already done. If Hope’s parents were more involved I truly believe they could’ve saved a life. Parents should have shown up at Hope’s school checked in with the teachers more frequently it would’ve helped. Sexting should be prohibited from young teen maybe 18 of age seems a little more reason able. I believe that no child should ever have to go through these feelings. Hope opened a lot of young teen’s eyes to stop the sexting. Sending someone nudes can have so much effect on you and it’s not even worth it at the end of the day. It may be fun now but can take a toll on your life later. If you do think about sexting also think about the consequence and is it all worth it in the long run. If your answer is no, then you don’t need to be sexting at all.

Macbeth Charachter Essay Essay Example

Macbeth Charachter Essay Essay Macbeth Character Essay In Act 1, Macbeth is described by Duncan as â€Å"O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman! † By the end of the play, Malcolm calls him a â€Å"dead butcher†. Trace the changes in Macbeths’ character, analysing the reasons behind them. Macbeth’s ruthless seeking journey for power, urged on by his wife, becomes his tragic flaw which leads to his downfall in all ways. The tragic hero is used by Shakespeare to show how the tragedy lies in the greatness that could so easily have been Macbeth’s. Inevitably, his conversion in character all results in his ambition which causes him to act in such brutal ways. We note how an idealised individual such as Macbeth’s changes into a despised one. We observe Macbeth’s greatness and bravery in combat through the Captain’s account of the battle. Macbeth is described as â€Å"Valour’s minion† who â€Å"carved out his passage till he faced the slave†. One examines the respect enclosed in his companion soldiers who give him the name â€Å"brave Macbeth†. This is followed by a line of reassurance which is â€Å"well he deserves that name†. Macbeth’s honour and excellence in battle is demonstrated in Duncan’s words â€Å"O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman! †. His lack of fear displays his courage and heroism presented in the line â€Å"As cannons over-charged with double-cracks†. Shakespeare uses this to highlight the greatness he once had. We immediately suspect the thought of Duncan’s murder in Macbeth’s mind through the line â€Å"Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear things that sound so fair? . Macbeth’s ambition seems to take control of him as he continuously orders the witches to inform him of the prophecies in the lines â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers! Tell me more† and â€Å"Speak, I charge you! †. One can imagine Macbeth’s subsequent actions in the line â€Å"nothing is but what is not† as through it we realise that the only values t hat exists for Macbeth are those which he does not yet have, the Kingship. This continues to demonstrate how his ambition takes full control over him. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Charachter Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Charachter Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Charachter Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Macbeth realises that he must act quickly as â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland† is â€Å"a step on which he must fall down, or else o’erleap†, which continues to indicate how his ambition is taking over him and triggers his thought of Duncan’s murder which will soon become a reality. Macbeth recognizes the various reasons of why he should not kill Duncan and is tormented about these doubts, however he resolves to his â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other†. However the loyalty shown to King Duncan in previous scenes is forgotten completely and his true colours are really being shown. We can see how Macbeth deceives Banquo by replying: â€Å"i think not of them† when Banquo says he dreamt of the witches. This is linked to the theme of â€Å"appearance vs. reality† as we see the â€Å"false face† Macbeth has put on. Macbeth’s guilty, overwrought brain induces him to see visions before he does the murder. His guilt becomes outwardly visible to his own eyes, which he calls â€Å"a dagger of the mind†. This is a sign of the great turmoil in his mind where this fearless soldier is now tormented by images of blood and fear of the unknown. After Duncan’s murder Macbeth realizes that because of the deed he has just committed he has lost the possibility of ever receiving blessing. He appears to be conscience stricken as he struggles to say â€Å"Amen†. He realises perfectly well the extent of his guilt as we see in the lines â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s Ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No† and â€Å"The pluck out mine eyes†. Macbeth’s guilt induces loss of sleep and, since he has lost his peace of mind, his innocence and guilt will torture him. His guilt becomes clearly evident in the line â€Å"Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst† and this shows how he will be scarred and damned for eternity. Macbeth’s mind is tormented by the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s descendants will be kings of Scotland and convinces murderers that Banquo has always been their enemy while forcing them to kill him. This imposes the reprehensive position with which he has become, even worse than the murderers. Macbeth’s guilt and wickedness is also embodied in the ghost of Banquo which appears to torture Macbeth at the banquet he has organised for the succession of the throne. As soon as Macbeth hypocritically mentions Banquo, he sees his ghost however Macbeth attributes his hallucination of the ghost to being a result of him being a beginner in murder. In later murders Macbeth appears to be quite hardened to the horrors of murder. He does feel guilt but this is not enough to keep him from committing further murders as he says that he is â€Å"in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more returning were as tedious as going o’er†. Macbeth derives security from the witches as he typically interprets the apparitions in his favour, rejecting what is unfavourable to him. We remember Hecate’s words: â€Å"security is mortals’ chiefest enemy†. By the end of the play Macbeth becomes completely ruthless and irrational and decides that â€Å"The very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand†. He therefore resolves to attack Macduff’s castle and kill his family. This accentuates Macbeth’s evil even more while showing the degeneration in his character as he murders a defenceless woman and her children. Macbeth no longer has any soul searching as he does not justify himself anymore with soliloquies before doing his deeds. This causes him to become completely ruthless and unscrupulous, making him an outright villain. Although throughout the book Macbeth seems to be influenced by his wife and the witches, it is Macbeth and his will to become king that performs each and every deed. Macbeth could so easily have been a righteous and respectable person however it is his ambition and will that induces him to become a â€Å"hell hound† and a â€Å"dead butcher†. Although Macbeth has become a changed man his only kingly characteristic was his courage to fight until he, the lonely saddened yet ruthless character, died in battle.

Ask An Agent What Makes A Self-Published Author Stand Out

Ask An Agent What Makes A Self-Published Author Stand Out Ask an Agent: Paul Lucas on What Makes a Self-Published Author Stand Out Paul Lucas is a literary agent at Janklow Nesbit where he has been representing authors since 2011. His clients come from across the spectrum of fiction (thrillers, science fiction, fantasy, historical and literary) and non-fiction (history, narrative, travel, science and humor). His clients include New York Times best-selling author R.A. Salvatore, Anthony Ryan, Alan Flusser, and Katherine Arden.Reedsy: How have you seen attitudes toward self-publishing change since you started out in publishing?Paul Lucas: Attitudes have changed tremendously, particularly since several self-published authors have now become monumental success stories. It is in part  because so many readers came to, and enjoyed, books by self-published authors. Since distributing e-books is so much cheaper and simpler than distributing physical books to bookstores, there are fewer barriers to entry and much easier discovery. As products, the e-books are indistinguishable from other offerings. So if the book is go od, it will receive attention.Which of your clients are self-published? Do you know of big authors that people might not know got their start as self-published authors?My clients that started in self-publishing include Anthony Ryan (NYT bestselling author), Matthew Mather (translated into 15 territories), James Islington, Steve McHugh, Jodi McIsaac and Richard Phillips. Andy Weir, Hugh Howey, AG Riddle, and Blake Crouch are major authors who stand out from the self-publishing world.Sorry there’s a male bias to these writers! Women have been tremendously successful with self-published science fiction and thrillers; I just haven’t signed any other than Jodi. Women absolutely dominate the romance space.In working with self-published authors who transition to traditional publishing, what stands out about them? What are their greatest assets, both personally and professionally?The key to self-publishing is that the writer becomes her own publisher. That means hiring editors , illustrators, and designers and paying for marketing and promotion. The best of them are very professional, and many publish several books a year. It’s easier for them to do so since there is a much longer lead time in traditional publishing.Since many self-published authors enjoy closer access to their fans, it makes it self-sustaining success more achievable. If she feels confident that 20,000-30,000 readers will come to each of her new books, twice a year, a writer can comfortably rise to a six-figure income. Traditional publishers would find it challenging to reach 20,000 readers and might give up on that author if they did not see sales rising. Relishing the challenges of editorial control and developing strong positioning for your book are two critical characteristics for success in self-publishing. "Many self-published authors enjoy closer access to their fans"@canonizer With all of the reading that agents need to do to stay on top of the industry as a whole, how do you prioritize reading self-published work? Do you actively seek it out or hear about it through word-of-mouth or recommendations? In short, how does a self-published book find its way onto the radar of an agent?I typically find self-published books that are rising quickly in e-book sales rankings. It is less word-of-mouth than trawling through the winners on retailers’ sites. Sometimes self-published authors seek out agents but it’s fairly rare for very successful ones to do so these days since agents typically come knocking after they get enough attention.Where do you see self-publishing fitting into the larger publishing industry in the coming years? What is exciting about it? What will traditional publishers have to adapt to? Self-publishing will continue to grow for as long as it remains difficult for new authors to break into traditional publishing. That means it is mo re important than ever to treat a self-published book with the same consideration (or as close as you can get) that a traditionally published book would receive. The more believable the characters, plot, and writing, the easier it will be for readers to engage with it. Similarly, everyone judges books by their covers so it’s worth spending $500-1000 to have one created professionally rather than attempting one’s first MS Paint masterpiece.Publishers have attempted to launch their own digital imprints, which seem to cater to readers of self-published books. I’d recommend that any self-published author contemplating moving to a traditional publisher’s digital imprint do so with caution. Losing control over marketing the book can be jarring for people who have found success marketing their books on their own terms.Frankly, traditional publishing has become mediocre at launching new brand-name authors, especially with ongoing series. There haven’t been many new Anne Rices, James Pattersons, Stuart Woods in the last 5-10 years. Some of the ones now traditionally published earned their names in the self-published ranks. Publishers will need to learn how to develop talent if they want to keep people from wanting to self-publish, rather than publish traditionally.What are the potential obstacles facing self-publishing as it grows?Well, the elephant in the room is whether Amazon will continue to pay such substantial royalties and subsidize  self-published authors through Kindle Unlimited and their other deals. Authors might see a decline in their earnings if those were to disappear but it is unlikely to change how self-published books succeed in the near term since most self-published authors rely on the platform.What would you tell emerging authors who are on the fence about self-publishing?There used to be a stigma to self-publishing; it was synonymous with vanity publishing, which meant that authors would spend several thousand d ollars in exchange for inventory and the possibility of physical distribution. This stigma has all but vanished, particularly in commercial fiction where self-published authors are really thriving. Literary fiction and non-fiction all continue to work better traditionally. Readers seem to have short attention spans these days so discovery for more academically minded projects (or â€Å"serious† or â€Å"literary† or however we are describing high-brow books on a given day) have a big headwind. "This stigma has all but vanished, particularly in commercial fiction"@canonizer Lastly, new authors should keep in mind that it’s very hard for an agent to do anything with a newly self-published book. If it only has hundreds or several thousand sales, they will be unlikely to move it to the traditional space right away. This should not be discouraging – it might lead to far greater rewards.Are you hesitant to self-publish? What is your top reason for wanting to work with a traditional publisher on your first book? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.

What is Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is Culture - Assignment Example Culture is shared by a certain and specific group. It is shared through social interaction. For example, the parenting style of my parents may impact my own parent style. Culture changes over time, it is dynamic and diverse. Culture is an important part of anthropological research as it provides the basis of understanding the development of human life. As an integral part of one’s life, culture can help researchers explain the impact of the different changes in the society over time. Generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity – Reciprocity is the mode of exchange. Generalized reciprocity involves exchanges between closely related people and it functions to establish personal relationships (Haviland, 2008). The return of the exchange is not immediate and there is less expectation that a return will happen. Example, my friend treats me dinner for my birthday, there may be expectation that I will treat her on her birthday too. Balanced reciprocity is an exchange of eq ual values (Haviland, 2008).. Example, I will give you 3 books and you will give me 3 books that I don’t have but with the same author. The transaction is immediate. Negative reciprocity involves profit, meaning one party gets more than the other (Haviland, 2008).. This is like barter. ... Usually, the difference between both families depends on how they live or associate together. Our family consists of both nuclear and extended families. We have an aunt living with her husband and children alone, away from everyone else. We have an uncle who lives with his wife’s parents and siblings. Understanding the family structure is important in anthropological research because it sheds light to its influence in the development of the society. Kinship – Kinship is the relationship between people through shared characteristics or through cultural arrangements (Ferraro & Andreatta, 2008). It is the basis for forming social groups and for classifying the different roles and categories of individuals. Through kinship, there are different things that can be transferred or transmitted. It may be goods, values or behavior. Kinship may be by blood or by law. The study of kinship is important for anthropological research because it helps researchers understand how it affec ts culture. It is also important because it affects social relationships, such as friendship and marriage. How a kinship works can be seen through inheritance. Most often, the closest kin, such as the spouse or children, gets all or more inheritance compared to distant relatives, such as the children of the cousin. Example, understanding the relationship between my parents and my grandparents may explain my parents’ parenting style. Norms vs. transgressions – Norms and transgressions differentiate the different behaviors in the society. A norm is the expected action or behavior. Example, as a child I am expected to respect my parents, such as say thank you, ask for permission to go out with my friends and not lie to them. Most norms are usually implicit or

A persuasive paper on Teenage sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A persuasive paper on Teenage sexuality - Essay Example The most important aspect that is talked about regarding teenagers is their sexual behavior pattern. Every new generation has a luxury of getting more exposure, more opportunities and more knowledge than the previous one due to advancement in technology, media and education system. Teenagers today are exposed to sexual contents more easily and more frequently than their parents or grandparents. Dating has become a common phenomenon and hence the indulgence in sex too. However, does it mean that teenagers are irresponsible, rude, careless and arrogant people? No, it does not mean that. Teenagers and their sexual behavior pattern is the result of both, the personal and the social changes. The emotional, hormonal, psychological and physical changes that the teenagers go through after entering the puberty make them curious about the opposite sex and hence the strong attraction. Add to this the exposure to the sexual content they are getting from television, internet, movies and magazines. The teenagers have energy, intelligence, strength and boldness of doing things the way they want t o. The adults need to take a responsibility of guiding them in the right direction by letting their natural desires fulfilled rather than suppressing it. It is the responsibility of the society to help teenagers go through this exciting and at the same time dangerous phase by being there to guide them regarding the dangers of the indulgence in sex and help them make their experience more fun, genuine and guilt free rather than making them feel that they are committing some sin. Sexuality is a power of nature and no amount of rational or logical thinking can win over nature. Teenage sexuality is the beginning of the sex

Analysis of Business Strategy at ASOS

Analysis of Business Strategy at ASOS Chapter1. 1.1 What is E- Business? Electronic Business is very simple the meaning to any reader that Business taking place electronically. E-Business which we are benefiting from has gone through many stages of maturity. One of main reason to choose this topic is that to see how organisation either switching their business to E-Commerce or starting solely only online business. No doubt there are many advantages but its note free of limitations. 1.2 Purpose of Report: There are many Organisations to consider in my report but I am choosing ASOS (As seen on Screen). ASOS is the United Kingdoms one of largest online-only fashion and Beauty store. The purpose to consider this organisation is to highlight in detail how ASOS using E-commerce Technology captured significant market share and Market Reputation. ASOS has targeted the people of age group 16-34, catering to both genders. I would like to focus how they formulated their E-Commerce strategy and how they have chosen a specific age group to Target their business to. ASOS has spent lots of money on Research and Developments. I would like to mention here very recent Example of their Advertising campaign in UK.I have seen in many places specially on Bus stops where they are advertising to give chance to every   individual to visit their website and upload your picture to participate in street style competition. I would also like to consider how their financial position has been significantly increased and showed positive sign of further progress in this Recovery Economic cycle. They also launched US, French and German specific language website which is another addition to their enhanced performance. I will also focus on their statement of core purpose â€Å" Our core purpose is to inspire and power your fashion discovery; without an internal brand and strong people strategy we would not be able to live up to that promise.† www.asos.com http://www.networksolutions.com/education/what-is-ecommerce/ Scope of the report: Here, I will discuss how still ASOS is achieving its target and maintaining its consistency in performance. The scope also included to focus on Business to Business(B2B) and Business to Consumer(B2C).The issues to be covered regarding birth of ASOS then how it has been built to reach at this stage, Development in progress, expanding abroad, organising events and their passion for more innovation. The report will also analyse Financial and Non Financial Ratios to reflect their position. Graphical Demonstration is also part of it. Key Results: Research of journals and ASOS financial statements shows the following split of its Fashion category: Women swear Clothing : 56% Womenswear Non-Clothing : 16% Menswear : 20% Beauty/Outlet/Kids : 8% There is significant growth in International markets, now ASOS is shipping to 167 countries. International sales has been increased by 95% in 2009-2010.In 2004/05, Uk sales was   94% and International sale was   6 %,   but in 2009/10, UK sales was 75% and International sales was 25%.It shows how ASOS has expanded all over the world by using its own brands and other existing brands. Currently, trading result has been issued at ASOS website and CEO, Nick Robertson has reported another successful year including highlights for the 2010/2011, Retails sales has been increased 58% on year (UK +24% and International +144 %). As Internationaly becoming an increasingly significant part of   ASOS future, Nick Robertson pleased to see International sales mix exceed that of the UK for the first time, accounting for 52% of retail sales.   http://www.asosplc.com/Doc/pdf/Announcements/Q4_Trading_Update_FINAL.pdf www.asos.com http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 http://www.asosplc.com/Doc/pdf/Announcements/Q4_Trading_Update_FINAL.pdf www.asos.com http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 Summary findings: The research finding shows a continuous growth in the financial and Market growth of the Organisation which is due to its strong E-Commerce bases Business Strategies. As ASOS is only online fashion retail store and up to 2010, 3 website in USA, France and Germany in their languages has been launched. It is E-Commerce who makes it not that hard to get access to one of the largest Economies otherwise it would have been quite costly to enter into larger fashion Markets such as of France and USA.Where physical presence in the form of Retail stores would have been quite challenging Financial and taking in context the strong competitors already present there. How greatly cost effective it is for ASOS, because they have Debt free financing. ASOS is one of those organisation where E-Commerce has played a vital role which are now Multimillion  £ organisation which are experiencing rapid growth due to E-Commerce base business. Chapter 2. Introduction. People thinke-commerceis just people browsing, but theres more to it than that. More and more people are using programs and agents to shop for the best deal, and thats how theyre going to be getting to your site. ~Tim Berners-Lee(June 08, 1955 ) Impact of an E-commerce on an Organisation plays a vital role on any Organisation, which has culture of Adopting this Approach and has Management to cope with approach, when most of the businesses now considering adopting this approach to enhance their performance and considering cost benefit analysis. I have chosen this topic because I mostly use E-Commerce websites and mostly read journals and Articles regarding organisations launching E-Commerce in their businesses. I strongly believe how E-commerce can cut down cost in any organisation. Many Businesses started to shift from Real time Market to Digital Market. The History of Online Shopping in Nutshell E-commerce can be described as: the sharing business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks where business transactions take place via telecommunications networks, especially the Internet describes the buying and selling of products, services and information via computer networks including the Internet the conduct of a à ¯Ã‚ ¬?nancial transaction by electronic means Since transactions go through the Internet and the Web, the terms I-commerce (Internet commerce), icommerce and even Web-commerce have been suggested but are now very rarely used. It goes unnoticed that E-Commerce and its underlying technology is around us since almost   4 decades. The term e-commerce was originated   to describe the process of doing   business transactions electronically using technology from the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These technologies, emerged in late 1970s, usually allowed many organisations   to share information among themselves, typically in the form of electronic purchase orders and invoices. EDI and EFT were theenabling technologiesthat laid the groundwork for what we now know as e-commerce. The Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computer equipment started in 1982, was one of the first known examples of e-commerce. Then it was in all 1980s when we have seen proliferation of these plastic cards, ATM machines and Phone banking, which was next step in evolution of   E-Commerce. In early 1990s, e-commerce has started to include other enterprise Resource planning (ERP ), Data Warehousing and Data mining. http://www.asos.com/infopages/pgeaboutus.aspx http://sellitontheweb.com/blog/history-of-e-commerce/ http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf http://www.retail-week.com/careers/etail-power-list-2010/01-nick-robertson/5019098.article The world of E-Business. The word commerce and Business doesnt have much difference. Instead it wont be wrong to say that e-commerce is a part of e-business.   Electronic business transactions involves money are â€Å"E-Commerce† activities. when we talk about E-Business, it means have think broadly as E-Business doesnt mean that it is Buying and selling goods   and accepting only credit cards. What about Customer, Marketing, Procurement? This is where E-Business broadly focussed on. Figure 1 is clearly a perfect demonstration of E-commerce and E-Business. http://www.ebusinessprogrammers.com/ebusiness/ecommerce_and_ebusiness.asp As with e-commerce, e-business (electronic business) also has a number of different deà ¯Ã‚ ¬?nitions and is used in a number of different contexts. One of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬?rst to use the term was IBM, in October 1997, when it launched a campaign built around e-business. Today, major Organisations are rethinking their businesses to switch through internet and its new culture and capabilities and this is what some see as e-business. E-business is the conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. Who is ASOS? ASOS has been established in June 2000 by CEO Nick Robertson. As Nick Robertson is Entrepreneur, he started ASOS with only 3 Employees and after 10 years, he has over 1000 Employees. Nick Robertson has started with step to step approach to capture market share. ASOS has been started in June 2000 and he submitted ASOS PLC holdings to AIM on London stock Exchange. ASOS has launched branded fashions good and then in 2004   first launched its own label product for women, then ASOS has launched ASOS Beauty in 2005 and with this consistent approach, ASOS was the first UK online store to Launch Catwalk in 2006, then ASOS own label for Men has been launched in 2007 and their performance doesnt stopped even in Recession and up to now, ASOS has their website in American, German and French Languages. ASOS has also launched ASOS Little which caters for babies for up to 24 months and Boys and girls from 2-8 years. It includes all High Fashion brands like Diesel, Tommy Hilfiger, Miss sixty and True Religion. ASOS also launched its own Magazine, Facebook page and in final Quarter of 2010, had launched three international stores, ASOS USA, ASOS France, and ASOS Germany. ASOS Mobile has been launched In October 2010, which has been designed works through all devices like Blackberry, Android, Symbian and I Phone Operating systems. http://www.asos.com/infopages/pgeaboutus.aspx ASOS and E-Business: ASOS is one of the Largest Online Retail only, catering to the Fashion Retail sector specifically in UK and Great share in International market. They share some really Interesting Results for year 31st March,2010 which clearly shows the Profits they have reaped by adopting E-Commerce as their primary Business   Strategy. The company has gained rapid growth in the retail industry in a matter of few years. Limitation of E-Business: E-Business is not free of limitations as there are areas where any organisation has to be competent and keeps spending to improve what customer demands. In E-Business, Confidentiality and privacy is always key issue which could lead to distrust and hesitation among the customers to use services online Another drawback of the E-Business is that the customers cannot have exact feel and look of the product before purchasing so it depends on the organisation that how clearly and in detail they present the product or service. In this world of internet, networks failure could cause serious disruption customers and business alike, which could result in loss of revenue and productivity. Limitation for the ASOS is that they dont have retail outlets where they could probably miss their targets who may want to see and feel stuff before they buy. Summary of history: In Brief, we can say how ASOS have utilised the E-Commerce business strategy to established themselves in the fashion retail industry having rapid growth in a matter of only 10 years and has now become the one of the Major fashion player in E-Business and it is standing proudly shoulder to shoulder with some of the more established high street competitors. The organisation is a radiant example of a successful E-Business. Procurement : The company executives took a step by step approach, in targeting the customers and implementing the business plan. They have invested in parts and specifically targeted age group after a thorough market research. If we analyse the history of ASOS, we find that it has started with some Famous High Street brands the likes of Diesel, FireTrap, Karen Millen and French Connection etc and then gradually launched its own label products in interval of years. This was a part of their business objective to enhance their financial gains by starting their own company brand. ASOS promotes welcoming ‘Like Minded talent together .It says their people have no fear to enter into the unknown market. .http://www.drapersonline.com/people/next-generation/asos/5021069.article http://www.asosplc.com/Who_We_Are/Our_History/Default.aspx?id=15 http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 Risk Management and Financing: ASOS insisted that all of their investments have been funded using operating cash flows and if any additional working capital required, it uses short term facilities. ASOS group is continuously working to reduce Risk of Interest rates, Foreign Exchanges and other financial risk. Their hedging strategy is to hedge their future foreign currency risk for 6 and 12 months forward. That is the one of the reason that they have got DEBT FREE BALANCE SHEET with increase in net cash to  £ 15.6 million. http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 So how did this tiny start-up become the UKs leading fashion site, at a time when traditional rivals with a much longer heritage were and are struggling? There are many reasons: the site offers something for everyone men and women of course, but also maternity wear, beauty products and kids wear. Although it does sell premium items, the average price is reasonable and accessible, the site is easy to navigate, and it is painless to return items which is more, in Fashion Statements experience, than can be said for some far more expensive online retailers. Then there is the generation it sells to, its key demographic one that expects a snappy online experience as a matter of course. E-Commerce Diagram below describes how the key elements of E-Commerce connected to each other. Information Gathering: In Gathering information for my topic, I have used two main Approaches. Quantitative Approach Qualitative Approach. In Quantitative approach, Research regarding subject has been done through collecting it and then evaluating it through application of Mathematical Models and then demonstrate the Results in the form of Graphs, Statistical data and Tabular forms. Research usually been obtained through internally generated Financial information e.g., periodically (Monthly, Quarterly) performance report/statements with Graphs and statistics as well. In Qualitative approach, it is different in nature; it is like soft data, where data has been gathered through Interview, Observation to interpret the details of finding from the research methods. In the Annual report, it is really helpful to get these data where Company senior management Interviews, statements has been reported There has been both Primary and secondary research involved in my carrying out search for discussing impact of E-Business on an Organisation. For primary search purposes, ASOS website was the main point of getting information regarding their financial and Non financial performance. Primary: ASOS website investor section has been mostly used in my Research Analysis where their Annual report for the year ended March 2010 helped a lot. Structure of report and split of information in different categories, made it easy to focus on required area. It kept engaged while doing research when organisation about us gathering information is ASOS. ASOSs consistency in achieving its objectives and hitting all budgeted and forecasted figures has been exceeding in almost every single year since it has been started. Through participative observation, being a customer of ASOS, I have experience an easy to use feature enriched website which enables the customer to purchase the desired product in a matter of few clicks. Secondary:In secondary search, articles from various weekly magazines, Newspapers, other comparison websites of E-Business, ACCA Text books, Library, Case study helped a lot. Limitation on information Gathering: As ASOS is only virtual business, all relevant information regarding their Strategy, their growth plan, further expansion strategies, the main point of getting all data is online, Magazine Articles, Newspaper. Because if business has got outlets as well then it provides opportunity to get access to any outlets and ask their Management for interview, latest developments, events taking place. No doubt, having own experience by doing that kind of primary research enhance your information gathering. Business Techniques and Models: When we talk about E-Business, its all about Businesses,Goverments and Customers who originate E-commerce.E-Commerce can be divided into further categories, considering perspectives of producers/providers and customers: ACCA P3 Interactive study manual Business-to-Business(B2B_ Business-to-Consumer(B2C) Business-to-employee(B2E) Business-to-government(B2G) Government-to-business(G2B) Government-to-government(G2G) Consumer-to-consumer(C2C) Consumer-to-Business(C2B) http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf ASOS has mainly focussed on the following: B2B ( Business to Business) E-commerce is E-business enable organisations to connect their internal and external data processing systems more efficiently and flexibly which lead the operations among suppliers and partners to operate more closely, and needs of customers are satisfied and exceed the expectations. ASOS believes and confident to say that actions which has been taken   and there are still more exciting innovation in progress which will keep ASOS apart from other rivals and lead us to drive boost to sales. E-Business has impacting both party, means ASOS selling over 800 brands and plus their own internal brands as well. To some extent using other high street brands they are generating goodwill for their brands as well. It is B2B which are connecting and sharing data among themselves. There are normally 3 groups of B2B in which many E-business could fit in. Direct selling and support to Business. E-Procurement Information Sites. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Interactive LSBF, P3 study Manual. http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 Recent example of Business to Business is when ASOS has been targeted by Giant Super Market TESCO Plc for Fashion venture, after Tesco has found the excellent recession-Busting growth of ASOS. http://econsultancy.com/uk/blog/4255-tesco-targets-asos-chooses-venda-for-fashion-venture B2C (Business to consumer) It is another split of Classification of E-commerce in any Business, where any transaction which ends on serving products or services for the consumer. Any E-business basically do Serve consumers plus retailers as well. ASOS is ambitious doing much for their consumers, they have launched free return to their UK customers in Sep, 2009 and also started Free Supersaver delivery for UK customer which in return gave us a positive reaction and our Items per basket, Frequency of orders have all increases as a direct result of this. http://www.asosplc.com/Investors/Financials/Annual_~_Interim_Results/JQueryTabs.aspx?id=45 For Ecommerce usability is one of the largest contributors to customer conversion and retention rates. Do ASOS follow best practice? If we follow a customer process through focusing onthree key stages of the buying journey, product page, shopping basket and the checkout. The shopping basket which follows many of the best practice recommendations shows clearly that the item is in stock. For reserved items it is clear how long it has reserved this product for this helps tackle the issue of visitors returning to their shopping basket on a subsequent visit only to find the product they had added previously is no longer in stock. ASOS have tried to ensure secure access and use securely on the button wording, which improves the customers sense of trust/security. There is no ambiguity about what standard delivery costs will be, so visitors dont need to wait until they are within checkout to know what delivery costs are. Along with the product thumbnail and title, there is just the right amount of product information provided to ensure you know that you have ordered the right size, colour and quantity Making the delivery costs clear on the shopping basket allows ASOS to make it absolutely clear what the visitor will be paying in total. ASOS makes this a much more customer friendly experience by allowing you to choose other delivery options at the shopping basket stage. This ensures you are going into the checkout process knowing what you will paying and what delivery period you have specified. They clearly display which payment methods are accepted ensuring that shoppers are not confused. Business Model: According to Michael Rapas (P3 Business Analysis Interactive book),General E-business models, ASOSs Business Model was based on Merchant but then as the company business grew, the business model evolved encompassing the Merchant and Manufacturer as well: Merchant:ASOS has started as retailers of goods by using other famous high street brands like All Saints, Mango, and Firetrap etc. A virtual merchant operates only over the web (e.g. Amazon, EBay). Business was started with an Initial Investment of  £1.4m.They has marketed high street market brands and then slowly on step by step Approach. Manufacturer:   After Advertising and hitting targets of their initial strategy of selling external High street brands, ASOS has developed their own internal brands. That is how they have been called as Manufacturer, because it relies on the power of the website to get access buyers directly and then provide distribution channel. ASOS this model is based on Improved, Efficiency, and Customer Service. Brokerage:   As we know, Brokers are those who make markets,they bring together buyers and sellers together and then provide Transaction Facility.Brokers play vital role in businesses like ASOS where there are B2B,B2C markets.ASOS is now operating on combination of Manufacturer and Brokerage Models. The E-business model has always been based on IT Applications and using B2B, B2C, ASOS has chosen CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Tools to support their Strategic Growth Plans. CRM is one the Internal Business Systems Application, is a Business Strategy focuses on Customers with objectives of Maximising Turnover, Customer Satisfaction and Profits. ASOS has chosen this tool from SMARTFOCUS which helps them to keep record of Customer buying, their feedback, refer a friend, Loyalty programmes. Mhairi Brown, CRM Manager for ASOS, said that using Smartfocus will facilitate easy solution and strong marketing strategy and choosing CRM will help to achieve their goal of a Truly Customer Focussed business. http://www.onwindows.com/Articles/Asos-chooses-CRM-for-growth/2812/Default.aspx P3 LSBF Study Manual. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf This framework, was à ¯Ã‚ ¬?rst developed by Kalakota and Whinston, who knows as a Professors of Information Systems, takes a holistic View and identià ¯Ã‚ ¬?es the different components of business and technology which will combine together to form E-commerce. In ASOS, this framework applies equally as in any other E-Business.The following are built on foundation of technology: People and Organisation: People of ASOS are the all key stakeholders like suppliers, customers, Employees, Government, Other regulatory Authorities, which any organisation prioritise according to their level of power and interest in organisation. It is a interaction between People and Organisation which manage to coordinate the Infrastructure, Applications and Businesses and it leads for the functioning of E-Commerce. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Public Policy: ASOS have to comply with relevant laws and Regulations according to their geographical location. They should follow the relevant tax policies and making sure all payments made according to the relevant Laws and Regulations. ASOS must follow internal procedures and making the most of Tax evasion policies. Company must maintain high level of confidentiality to proceeds as to retain customer confidence; this can be achieved by segregation of duties and applying strong internal control. They must also ensure that security systems are improved to keep the Organisation confidentiality policy competitive globally. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Technical standards: In Technical standards, all data has been converted into such a way that it can be use universally, means all data can travel seamlessly across different network where it is accessed by range of hardware and software like Palmtops, Computers and other kinds of browsers. ASOS have not got only one website now for user interface and they do meet all Technical standards globally. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf The next part of the Model is Infrastructure and E-Business work by Interlink of both Technology and Infrastructure. Common Business Service : In this part of Infrastructure, once all process of creation of data and content done, its been display and transmitted for user interface, other supporting services has to play their part to facilitate buying and selling. ASOS website in very well structured and one can see how this process works. For finalising transaction on ASOS, one should be feel safe and rely before authorise any payments because of confidentiality issue. This is where Electronic payment like PayPal in ASOS, directories/Catalogues help to check out. https://marketplace.asos.com/basket Message and Information Distributor: This part of Infrastructure is the Engines and fuel, which takes data around the network after Multimedia content of website, is created. But this content then has to be transported for sending and retrieving this information of content. ASOS has its own form of transporting information. Common Examples are EDI, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, and Email. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Publishing: It is   Infrastructure of Warehouses and vehicles, where Electronic data and Multimedia content over the Network are stored and then transported using Publishing Infrastructure like World Wide Web(www), Web Servers transport. It depends on website how much Electronic data and Multimedia content it using. Usually HTML and JAVA are used to create Multimedia content. Some websites are Text only or some contain audio, video, graphics. ASOS website is mostly Text and Multimedia where Images has been mostly used. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Network: Once all of the above completed, and then Network needed to interconnect globally so it could be access anytime, anywhere. As now Technology is so advanced, we can even use ASOS in our Handsets like IPhone; Android Phones etc with Network provider browsing facility, Internet, Telephone wires, Intranets are all form of communication which forms this Network infrastructure. Interfacing: This is the infrastructure where finally customer can get access to all data on website and have user interface with all application. All Technology and infrastructure components interact together to produce the Ideal demonstration of E-Business. These applications are used by Online Banking Sector, Financial sectors, Marketing and Advertising Agencies, Online Shopping. This model really helps for Senior Management to see how important within business or outside for planning and development of E-Business or E-Commerce solution. http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf Analysis: Last 3 years of ASOSs Financial performance are incredible. Where UK economy is in Recession and then in Recovery phase now, in these hard times ASOS has maintained their Growth with Consistency. Records sales, Earning per share and Profit has been recorded. Following is details discussion and Analysis of Financial impact on Income, Expenditures, and Profits for last 3 years. Revenue: ASOSs revenue has shown positive signs as in 2008 and 2009, 90% and 104% increased respectively have been reported in Annual report. Then in 2010, 35% increase had made. Increase was not that significant because of increase in international sales. Huge amount of investment has been made in these years for Warehouses to increase their sales volume. Clothes of all genders, Accessories and Footwear are the main sector which result in boost of Revenue Because online user who hit on daily basis the website is increasing day by day and according to latest record, ASOS.com attracts more than 8 million unique Users in a month of which 3.7 millions are registered users and 1.6 million active users (describes as they have shopped in last 6 months).It can be seen that, because of virtual nature of ASOS, the only way of boosting their income is to attract as much users as it can. In only 10 years, its not easy for any business to be in head to head in ranking in various categories in last 3 year s. In top UK shopping website, ASOS was ranked in 2008 17th (2007:40), 12th in 2009. Figure 2.1 and 2.2 give a birds eye view of Retails sales Split for the year ended 2009 and 2010, where we can see Quarterly sales figures for UK and International, which shows a huge increase in International sales of 103% for year 2008/09 and 144% for year 2009/10. Its indication of how just through E-Commerce, without any outlets overseas, ASOS is on way to Business success. Statistical representation of Split of Sales is shown below which compare quarterly change in retail sales as compare to year 2009 ASOS has been ranked 2 year continuously in 2008(4.74%) and 2009(5.13%), 2 nd to Next with 8.96% in 2008 and 6.31%in 2009, in top 10 player as % of Market share list. Figure 1 A demonstrate their actual and forecast % of market share. Annual Reports: for References Expenditures: Because of driving business with new initiatives taken and Passion to be on top of Online Retailers List, ASOS has spent Millions in Development, Management, Marketing and Infrastructure. They have spent Millions on Warehouses for hitting its Targeted Annual sales. ASOS has spent  £20 million for new warehouse with Initial Capability of  £600 million annual sales. They have done adequate investment in IT Systems and Infrastructure, as being a virtual business; it acts as a back bone for the Organisation to capitalise on their potential growth and to take full advantage of arising new opportunities. In last 3 years, E-Marketing Expenditure played vital role for capturing a p